Gallantry Awards of India: Complete List, Order of Precedence, and Facts.

Gallantry Awards in India are the nation’s highest honors given to recognize courage, valor, and exemplary acts of bravery in the face of danger, both on the battlefield and in civilian life. Instituted by the Government of India post-Independence, these awards are conferred biannually on Republic Day (26th January) and Independence Day (15th August) to honor members of the armed forces, police, paramilitary, and civilians.

India classifies gallantry awards into two main categories:

• Wartime
• Peacetime

Each award tells a story of selflessness and national pride. These honors serve not only to recognize bravery but also to inspire future generations.

Gallantry Awards in India

Here, you will find the Gallantry Award’s meaning and some key information about this award. There are primarily three awards: the Param Vir Chakra, the Maha Vir Chakra, and the Vir Chakra. Each has its own criteria, with the Param Vir Chakra being the highest military honor in India.

Instituted on January 26, 1950, these awards recognize acts of bravery and sacrifice by the personnel of the Armed Forces, other forces, and civilians.

Types of Gallantry Awards in India

There are 6 major Gallantry Awards in India 3 for wartime and 3 for peacetime bravery:

• Param Vir Chakra (PVC): The highest wartime award for extreme bravery in the face of the enemy.
• Maha Vir Chakra (MVC): The second-highest wartime award, awarded for conspicuous gallantry during enemy operations.
• Vir Chakra: Given for acts of gallantry on the battlefield, typically for soldiers showing bravery in close combat.
• Ashoka Chakra: The highest peacetime award, awarded for valor, courage, or self-sacrifice outside combat.
• Kirti Chakra: The second-highest peacetime award, awarded for acts of conspicuous courage and self-sacrifice in situations other than war.
• Shaurya Chakra: Third-highest peacetime award for courage.

The Role of Gallantry Awards in Recognizing Acts of Bravery 

These awards demonstrate the country’s appreciation for bravery. Winners earn a certification of bravery and embed their names in the hearts of Indian citizens. These awards empower people in the future by instilling a feeling of obligation, honor, and nationalism.

Historical Context and Evolution

The history of these awards in India dates back to the British era. However, post-independence, there was a need to have our system. The government then instituted these awards to honor acts of bravery and sacrifice. On January 26, 1950, the Indian Government introduced the first three awards, the Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, and Vir Chakra, which were believed to be in force as of August 15, 1947.

On January 4, 1952, the government established the three gallantry medals: Ashoka Chakra Class-I, Class-II, and Class-III. In January 1967, they were renamed Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, respectively.

Categories and Significance of Gallantry Awards

The Highest Gallantry Award

The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest gallantry award in India. It was instituted on January 26, 1950. The bronze medal carries the national emblem on the obverse and “Param Vir Chakra” inscribed in Hindi and English on the reverse.

Inspiring Stories of Bravery Award Recipients

India has honored countless brave soldiers with the Param Vir Chakra. Each recipient’s journey is a story of courage, sacrifice, and dedication to the nation.

• Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient to be awarded for his bravery during the 1947 Kashmir operations. Despite being outnumbered, he defended his post heroically until his last breath, embodying the valor these awards represent.
• During the Kargil War in 1999, Captain Vikram Batra became a national hero with his famous words, “Yeh dil mange more.” Leading his troops under extreme conditions, he displayed extraordinary bravery, making his story of gallantry one of the most revered in India’s military history.
• Naib Subedar Sanjay Kumar and Rifleman Sanjay Singh, also awarded during the Kargil War, performed exceptional acts of valor that turned the tide in India’s favor and immortalized their names in the story of these Bravery award winners.

These stories of award winners testify to the courage and sacrifice of India’s armed forces, inspiring new generations to honor and remember these heroes.

Types of Gallantry Awards Introduced in 1972

These awards are categorized based on the nature of the act and the circumstances. The three primary wartime awards are:

1. Param Vir Chakra (PVC) – The highest military award.
2. Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) – The second-highest.
3. Vir Chakra (VrC) – The third in order of precedence.

For peacetime acts of bravery, the awards are:

1. Ashoka Chakra (AC) – Equivalent to the PVC.
2. Kirti Chakra (KC) – Equivalent to the MVC.
3. Shaurya Chakra (SC) – Equivalent to the VrC.

Medals and Their Appearances

Ashoka Chakra (AC): The medal’s center features a gold wheel, the Ashoka Chakra. Surrounding it is a lotus wreath with a two-line Ashoka Chakra inscription in Hindi on a silver gilt.

Kirti Chakra (KC): The silver medal displays a five-pointed star in the center, bearing an Ashoka Chakra. The reverse side of the medal carries the national emblem and the inscription in Hindi.

Shaurya Chakra (SC): This bronze medal showcases a five-pointed star with the Ashoka Chakra in the center. The reverse has the national emblem and a two-line Shaurya Chakra inscription in Hindi.

Lesser-Known Gallantry Awards and Their Significance 

Apart from the primary awards, there are other lesser-known awards like the Sena Medal, Nao Sena Medal, and Vayu Sena Medal. Acts of gallantry in non-operational areas and warlike situations earn these awards. Their significance lies in recognizing the resilience of armed forces personnel in situations other than direct combat.

Benefits and Privileges

While the primary purpose of these awards is to honor and recognize the bravery and sacrifice of armed forces personnel, certain benefits and privileges are associated with receiving such awards. These benefits can vary depending on the specific award and the policies of the respective armed forces.

However, some common benefits and privileges may include:

• Financial Rewards: Awardees may receive financial rewards or bonuses.
• Priority in Promotions: Award winners often receive priority in promotions and postings.
• Medical Benefits: Some awards may entitle recipients to enhanced medical benefits and facilities.
• Public Recognition: Awardees receive public recognition and honor, which can significantly boost their social standing.
• Tax Benefits: Certain tax benefits may be available to the award winners.

It’s important to note that the specific benefits and privileges may vary depending on the country and the particular award received. For detailed information, it’s best to consult the relevant military authorities or government regulations.

Eligibility Criteria

These Awards are the highest military honors bestowed upon individuals for acts of extraordinary courage and sacrifice. Here’s a breakdown of who’s eligible and for what:

For Acts Against Enemies:

• Param Vir Chakra: The most prestigious award, given for unparalleled bravery or self-sacrifice in the face of the enemy, by land, sea, or air.
• Maha Vir Chakra: Recognizes exceptional bravery displayed in the presence of the enemy by land, sea, or air.
• Vir Chakra: Honors acts of conspicuous gallantry displayed in the presence of the enemy by land, sea, or air.

Eligibility:

• Officers and enlisted personnel of the Indian Armed Forces, Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, Militia, and other legally constituted forces.
• Civilian men and women who serve (regularly or temporarily) with the aforementioned forces, including medical personnel.

For Acts Beyond Enemy Conflict:

• Ashoka Chakra: Recognizes the most extraordinary courage, daring, or acts of self-sacrifice displayed outside combat situations.
• Kirti Chakra: Honors acts of distinguished gallantry not displayed in the face of an enemy.
• Shaurya Chakra: Awarded for acts of gallantry displayed away from an enemy.

Eligibility:

• Officers and enlisted personnel of the Indian Armed Forces, Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, Militia, and other legally constituted forces.
• Civilians from all walks of life, including members of paramilitary forces and railway protection forces.
• Members of the Armed Forces Nursing Services.

Distinctions between Awards Based on Rank and Action 

While these awards are open to all ranks, the distinction often lies in the act. The higher awards (Paramveer Chakra, Mahaveer Chakra, Veer Chakra) are typically for acts beyond the call of duty. While still significant, the lesser-known awards might be for acts of bravery within the expected line of duty. Rank does not play a direct role in the awarding process; the act of courage is paramount.

Honouring India’s Bravest Heroes

Gallantry Award Winners List

India has seen numerous heroes who’ve been recognized with these awards. Some notable award winners include:

1. Major Somnath Sharma: He is among the first to receive this honor in India and the first PVC recipient who displayed unmatched bravery during the 1947 Kashmir operations.
2. Captain Vikram Batra: He was posthumously awarded the PVC for his courage during the Kargil War in 1999. His war cry, “Yeh Dil Maange More,” became iconic.
3. Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon: The only Indian Air Force officer awarded the PVC. He defended Srinagar Air Base against a Pakistani air raid during the 1971 war.
4. Naib Subedar Bana Singh: He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his bravery during Operation Rajiv in Siachen in 1987. In his honor, he captured a crucial post 21000 feet later named Bana Post.
5. Subedar Major Yogendra Singh Yadav: Another PVC recipient for his heroics during the Kargil War. At just 19, he scaled a vertical cliff to capture Tiger Hill, a strategic point.
6. Lieutenant Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore: He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his leadership and bravery during the 1965 Indo-Pak war. He destroyed numerous enemy tanks before making the ultimate sacrifice.
7. Major Ramaswamy Parameswaran: Recipient of the Ashoka Chakra, India’s highest peacetime military decoration. He displayed exemplary courage during an operation in Sri Lanka in 1987.
8. Captain Ashok Kumar Tara: Awarded the Vir Chakra for his bravery during the 1971 war. He single-handedly saved the family of a Pakistani Army officer from a mob in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
9. Havildar Abdul Hamid: Posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra during the 1965 war. Before being martyred, he destroyed multiple enemy tanks with his recoilless gun.

Impact and Recognition Received by the Recipients 

These heroes have made a lasting impact on India’s military history. We won’t forget their bravery; we share it in schools and training centers, motivating young minds. Many monuments, roads, and institutions bear their names so their memory never fades. Their stories continue to touch our hearts and remind us of their sacrifices for India’s freedom and security.

These awards serve as a reminder that heroes exist among us. They inspire future generations to be brave and selfless. They show us that some individuals rise above fear to protect and serve even in the most challenging times. This tradition of celebrating heroes and their brave actions has been a part of our culture for a long time.

Selection Process

These Awards are a testament to extraordinary courage and sacrifice. But how are these heroes chosen? Here’s a glimpse into the selection process:

Twice a Year Nominations:

• The Ministry of Defence initiates the process by inviting nominations for these Awards twice a year, typically in March and August.
• Awards announced on Republic Day receive nominations in August, while Independence Day awardees are nominated in March.

Military Nominations:

• The nomination process begins at the unit level, where acts of gallantry are identified.
• Commanders endorse recommendations, which are then forwarded to the respective Service Headquarters (Army, Navy, Air Force).
• These proposals are meticulously reviewed by an Awards Committee at each Service Headquarters before being forwarded to the Ministry of Defence with the approval of the Chiefs of Staff.

Civilian Nominations:

• Recommendations for civilians outside the defense forces are received from the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).

A Rigorous Process:

This multi-layered selection process ensures that only the most deserving acts of bravery are recognized with India’s highest gallantry honors.

The Role of Recommendations Committees and the Government 

Once recommended, the nomination undergoes scrutiny. A military committee reviews the details, ensuring the act meets the award’s criteria. After this, higher committees, including top military officials and sometimes civilian representatives, further evaluate the nominations. The final list is then sent to the President of India for approval, as the awards are conferred in the name of the President.

Ceremonies and Traditions Associated with Award Presentations 

The presentation is a solemn and grand affair. Awardees or their next of kin receive the medal during the Republic Day or Independence Day ceremonies. The President of India presents the awards amidst military and civilian dignitaries. The ceremony is a blend of military tradition and national pride broadcasted nationwide, ensuring the entire country joins in honoring the brave.

Public Awareness and Inspiration

Public awareness of these awards is critical to saluting the bravery of our beloved heroes.

Many initiatives can be adopted, such as:

• Documentaries, films, and school curricula highlight the significance of these awards.
• Museums like the National War Memorial showcase the tales of these award winners, ensuring their stories reach a wider audience.
• Virtual museums amplify these gallantry tales further. Web platforms grant global access to these inspiring stories. Interactive features allow deeper engagement with heroics. Constant updates ensure fresh, timely narratives for visitors.
• Special commemorative events and exhibitions are also organized to educate the public about the bravery of these heroes.

How Gallantry Awardees Inspire the Nation

Gallantry Award winners in India are celebrated as national heroes. Their stories of bravery, sacrifice, and dedication inspire countless individuals. They serve as role models, especially for the youth, instilling values of courage, patriotism, and selflessness. Moreover, schools and colleges often invite these heroes to share their experiences, providing firsthand accounts of their bravery.

Encouraging Acts of Bravery and Selflessness in Society  

Their stories inspire many. They show selflessness in tough times, and people admire these awardees. Their bravery becomes a societal benchmark. Media, books, and films are crucial in spreading the word about these brave souls. They take these stories to a broader audience, ensuring more people learn about these heroes and their incredible deeds. This exposure helps us all appreciate and celebrate bravery even more.

For example, Captain Vikram Batra received the Param Vir Chakra. His bravery during the Kargil War remains unparalleled. Similarly, Flight Lieutenant Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon posthumously earned the award. These stories remind us that courage is not just a word; it’s a force that can change the world.

Gallantry Awards 2025 Highlights: Honouring India’s Bravehearts

India’s 77th Independence Day (2025) was marked by a profound display of gratitude and recognition for the armed forces, paramilitary, and police personnel who demonstrated exceptional courage. In the Defence Investiture Ceremony, the President of India conferred 103 gallantry medals, celebrating acts of valor in the line of duty.

Gallantry Awards for Armed Forces & CAPF Personnel

These awards reflect extraordinary bravery and devotion to the nation:

• Kirti Chakra – 4 awards (including 3 posthumously)
• Shaurya Chakra – 18 awards (4 posthumously)
• Sena Medal (Gallantry) – 63 awards (2 posthumously)
• Nao Sena Medal (Gallantry) – 11 awards
• Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) – 6 awards
• Mention-in-Despatches – 39 mentions (including one for a military service dog)

Gallantry Awards for Police Personnel

A total of 1,037 police medals were distributed across categories to honor bravery, service, and dedication:

• Police Medal for Gallantry (PMG): 213 recipients
• President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service: 94 recipients
• Police Medal for Meritorious Service: 729 recipients

Notable Awardees in 2025

These individuals stood out for their heroic service:

• Colonel Manpreet Singh (Posthumous) – Kirti Chakra
• Rifleman Ravi Kumar (Posthumous) – Kirti Chakra
• Major Malla Rama Gopal Naidu – Kirti Chakra
• Dy. SP Himayun Muzzammil Bhat (Posthumous) – Kirti Chakra

Gallantry Award Winners 2024 Highlights

In addition to the Defence Investiture Ceremony, India’s 77th Independence Day witnessed further recognition of the courage and sacrifice displayed by the armed forces and police personnel. The President of India conferred a total of 103 prestigious honors across various categories.

Bravery Awards for Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces

• Kirti Chakra: 4 awards (3 posthumous)
• Shaurya Chakra: 18 awards (4 posthumous)
• Sena Medal (Gallantry): 63 awards (2 posthumous)
• Nao Sena Medal (Gallantry): 11 awards
• Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry): 6 awards
• Mention-in-Despatches: 39 awards (including a posthumous award for a military dog)

Gallantry Awards for Police Personnel

A total of 1,037 police medals were awarded, including:

• Police Medal for Gallantry: 213 awards
• President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service: 94 awards
• Police Medal for Meritorious Service: 729 awards

Notable 2024 Awardees

Among the prominent awardees were Colonel Manpreet Singh (posthumously), Rifleman Ravi Kumar (posthumously), Major Malla Rama Gopal Naidu, and Deputy Superintendent Himayun Muzzammil Bhat (posthumously), all of whom were recipients of the prestigious Kirti Chakra.

Conclusion

Gallantry Awards are a profound tribute to the bravery, courage, and sacrifice of India’s Armed Forces, security personnel, and police officers. These national honors celebrate acts of extraordinary heroism and selflessness, often performed at great personal risk. Prestigious awards like the Kirti Chakra, Shaurya Chakra, and Param Vir Chakra recognize not only individual acts of valor but also the unwavering spirit of duty and patriotism. They serve as a constant reminder of the sacrifices made to protect our freedom and security, inspiring every citizen to uphold courage, resilience, and service to the nation. By honoring these heroes, India ensures that their legacy continues to motivate future generations and strengthen the values that define our country.

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