Toxic communities offer a sense of belonging, fulfilling a need for connection

These groups validate your frustrations, reinforcing biases in an echo chamber

Online anonymity lets you express raw emotions without judgment, drawing you in

The chaos of toxic spaces triggers dopamine, making arguments addictive

Polarization in groups fuels a sense of loyalty against outsiders

Toxic communities provide a safe space to vent anger or stress without restraint

You compare yourself to others in these groups, seeking status or identity

Toxic spaces distract from personal struggles, offering an immersive escape