{"id":46419,"date":"2023-12-19T12:41:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T07:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/?post_type=general-knowledge&p=46419"},"modified":"2025-10-14T11:49:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T06:19:11","slug":"indian-national-movement","status":"publish","type":"general-knowledge","link":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/general-knowledge\/indian-national-movement\/","title":{"rendered":"The Indian Freedom Struggle: A Definitive Timeline to Independence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Indian National Movement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Indian National Movement began with the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885, led by Allan Octavian Hume alongside prominent Indian leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Surendranath Banerjee. Initially, it served as a platform for educated elites to engage with political discourse under British rule. Over time, it evolved into a comprehensive fight for sovereignty, spearheaded by voices like Gandhi, Nehru, and Bose, uniting India\u2019s diverse communities in the quest for freedom. From petitions and Swadeshi protests to mass civil disobedience, this movement laid the foundation for India\u2019s eventual independence in 1947. Let’s discuss the national movements of India in this blog.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Setting Stage for Independence<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Indian National Movement (INM) started in the 19th century and included people from different regions, religions, linguistic backgrounds, and cultures. They demanded self-governance and sought freedom from the oppressive British Raj. The unity, devotion, and limitless hard work of these freedom fighters<\/strong><\/a> finally led to the Independence of India on August 15, 1947.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Significance in India’s History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The INM helped India break free from British rule and become an independent country<\/strong><\/a>. This vital fight brought people together, created heroes, and showed the world how peaceful protest and unwavering resolve can change the course of history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this blog, we will deeply understand what the Indian National Movement is. We will learn about the history of India and the Indian National Movement\u2019s relevance in leading to the birth of Modern India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

List of National Movements in India<\/strong> from 1857 to 1947<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Year<\/th>National Movement<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1857<\/strong><\/td>Revolt of 1857; Sepoy Mutiny<\/td><\/tr>
1885<\/strong><\/td>Foundation of Indian National Congress<\/td><\/tr>
1905<\/strong><\/td>Swadeshi Movement<\/td><\/tr>
1906<\/strong><\/td>Muslim League Founded<\/td><\/tr>
1914<\/strong><\/td>Gadar Party Movement<\/td><\/tr>
1916-1918<\/strong><\/td>Home Rule Movement<\/td><\/tr>
1917<\/strong><\/td>Champaran Satyagraha<\/td><\/tr>
1917<\/strong><\/td>Kheda Satyagraha<\/td><\/tr>
1918<\/strong><\/td>Ahmedabad Mill Strike<\/td><\/tr>
1919<\/strong><\/td>Rowlatt Satyagraha<\/td><\/tr>
1920<\/strong><\/td>Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement<\/td><\/tr>
1930<\/strong><\/td>Civil Disobedience Movement<\/td><\/tr>
1940<\/strong><\/td>Individual Satyagraha<\/td><\/tr>
1942<\/strong><\/td>Quit India Movement<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What is the national movement in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Indian National Movement was a mass movement where the people of India began to develop a strong sense of nationalism. This unity and pride in their country inspired Indians to stand up and speak out against British rule. As a result, they started revolting for their rights and freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Muslim League<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Established in 1906, the Muslim League was a prominent political party<\/strong><\/a> in British India that led to the partition and creation of Pakistan. This League aimed to safeguard the interests and represent the Muslim minority in British India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morley-Minto Reforms 1909 (Indian Council Act 1909)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Implementation of the Morley-Minto Reforms 1909(Indian Council Act 1909) took place before the outbreak of World War I. These reforms introduced limited elective representation for Indians in legislative councils. The Muslim League supported this reform. These reforms became significant during World War I when political awareness grew, and Indians dreamt of freedom from the British and self-governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Morley<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Home Rule Movement:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant<\/a><\/strong> led the Home Rule Movement, advocating for self-governance within the British Empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lucknow Pact:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1907 Surat split within the Indian National Congress was later healed through the Lucknow Pact. This pact showed that the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were united in their efforts against the British.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Partition of Bengal 1905<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The official reason for the controversial Partition of Bengal<\/strong> <\/a>in 1905 was improved administrative practices. But Indians suspected that this reason was just a tactic under the British policy of Divide and Rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Swadeshi Movement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Swadeshi Movement was initiated in response to the partition of Bengal. Under this movement, Indians boycotted foreign goods and promoted indigenously produced materials. This movement arose as a symbol of unity and nationalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komagata Maru Movement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In 1914, the Komagata Maru, a ship carrying 376 Indian immigrants, primarily Punjabis, arrived in Canada, where many passengers faced Canada’s discriminatory immigration laws. The people onboard faced further hardships due to police action after returning to Calcutta, which symbolized the racial discrimination and prejudice faced by Indians in British colonies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghadar Movement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Ghadar Movement was initiated in 1913 by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada, aiming to end the oppressive British rule. The Ghadar Party published revolutionary literature, including the Ghadar newspaper, to raise awareness about the cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overview of Indian National Movements<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Start<\/strong>: Began with the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. End<\/strong>: India gained independence on August 15, 1947.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Leaders<\/strong>: Influential leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, and Bose led the movement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Methods<\/strong>: Included non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and armed protests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Indian National Congress<\/strong>: Founded in 1885, it played a key role.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Other Organizations<\/strong>: Muslim League, All India Trade Union Congress, All India Kisan Sabha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Challenges<\/strong>: Partition of Bengal (1905), Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919), Quit India Movement suppression (1942).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    List of 14 National Movements in India – From 1885 to 1947<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n