{"id":46065,"date":"2023-12-19T12:12:55","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T06:42:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/?post_type=general-knowledge&#038;p=46065"},"modified":"2025-09-03T08:58:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T03:28:48","slug":"national-parties-in-india","status":"publish","type":"general-knowledge","link":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/general-knowledge\/national-parties-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"National Parties in India: Impact on Governance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The National Parties in India ar\u0435 th\u0435 corn\u0435rston\u0435 of India&#8217;s div\u0435rs\u0435 political landscap\u0435. Th\u0435y transc\u0435nd r\u0435gional boundari\u0435s and play a pivotal role in shaping th\u0435 country&#8217;s political discours\u0435, polici\u0435s, and gov\u0435rnanc\u0435. Th\u0435s\u0435 parti\u0435s ar\u0435 instrum\u0435ntal in r\u0435pr\u0435s\u0435nting th\u0435 div\u0435rs\u0435 int\u0435r\u0435sts and aspirations of a nation as vast and vari\u0435d as India. This article aims to provide a compr\u0435h\u0435nsiv\u0435 understanding of national parti\u0435s, their historical \u0435volution, significance, and the pivotal role they play in India&#8217;s d\u0435mocratic framework. The National parties in India typically have organizational structures and resources that allow them to contest elections in multiple states simultaneously. Some critics argue that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/how-many-national-parties-in-india\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/how-many-national-parties-in-india\/\"><strong>National parties<\/strong><\/a> in India often overlook regional aspirations and focus mainly on national-level issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-ar\u0435-national-parti\u0435s\"><strong>What are National parties in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"background-orange\">National parties in India have a strong presence across various states and union territories. Unlike regional parties, which focus on specific areas, national parties address issues that affect the entire country. They create policies that impact all of India. Success for these parties is measured by their ability to be strong in urban and rural areas. Major national parties like the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Indian National Congress (INC) play a significant role in shaping national policies and politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conditions-for-declaring-a-party-national\"><strong>Conditions for Declaring National Parties in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the Election Commission of India\u2019s (ECI) Political Parties and Election Symbols handbook (2019), a political party is considered a national party if it meets any of the following conditions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Recognition in Multiple States:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The party is \u2018recognized\u2019 in four or more states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vote Share and Representation:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>During the latest Lok Sabha or Assembly elections, its candidates secure at least 6% of the total valid votes in at least four states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The party has at least four Members of Parliament (MPs) from the last Lok Sabha polls.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alternatively, the party wins at least 2% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significance-of-being-declared-a-national-or-state-party\"><strong>Significance of being Declared a National or State Party:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Privileges and Rights of National Parties in India:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A recognized party (whether national or state) enjoys certain privileges, including:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Allocation of party symbols.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provision of time for political broadcasts on state-owned television and radio stations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Access to electoral rolls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National parties in India have additional benefits, such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Allotment of a symbol exclusively reserved for their use across the country, even in states where they are not contesting elections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Campaigning Advantage:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>National parties in India can have up to 40 \u201cstar campaigners\u201d during elections, while registered unrecognized parties are limited to 20.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/national-parties-in-india.png-2-1024x543.webp\" alt=\"India\u2019s National Parties: Top Symbols &amp; Leaders \" class=\"wp-image-70338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/national-parties-in-india.png-2-1024x543.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/national-parties-in-india.png-2-300x159.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/national-parties-in-india.png-2-768x407.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/national-parties-in-india.png-2-150x80.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/national-parties-in-india.png-2.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-th\u0435-total-national-parti\u0435s-in-india-with-symbols-a-comprehensive-overview\"><strong>List of all the National Parties in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following are the 9 national parties in India:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Name of National Parti\u0435s in India<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Symbol<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Founded<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Founder<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Current Prominent Leaders<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>States\/UTs Currently in Power<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bjp.org\/home\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bharatiya Janata Party<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Lotus<\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>Atal Bihari Vajpayee<\/td><td>Narendra Modi Amit Shah Rajnath Singh<\/td><td>Multiple States<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inc.in\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Indian National Congress<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Hand<\/td><td>1885<\/td><td>Allan Octavian Hume<\/td><td>Sonia Gandhi Rahul Gandhi Priyanka Gandhi Vadra&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Karnataka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/ncp.org.in\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Nationalist Congress Party<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Clock<\/td><td>1999<\/td><td>Sharad Pawar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Sharad Pawar, Supriya Sule<\/td><td>Maharashtra, Nagaland<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/nppindia.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>National People\u2019s Party<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Book &amp; Flag<\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>Purno Sangma<\/td><td>Conrad Sangma<\/td><td>Meghalaya, Nagaland<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/aitcofficial.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>All India Trinamool Congress<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Flowers &amp; Grass<\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>Mamata Banerjee<\/td><td>Mamata Banerjee<\/td><td>West Bengal, Manipur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bspindia.co.in\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bahujan Samaj Party<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Elephant<\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>Kanshi Ram<\/td><td>Mayawati<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/cpim.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Communist Party of India (Marxist)<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Hammer, Sickle &amp; Star<\/td><td>1964<\/td><td>P. Sundarayya<\/td><td>Sitaram Yechury, Brinda Karat<\/td><td>Kerala<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Communist-Party-of-India\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Communist Party of India<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Ears of Corn<\/td><td>1925<\/td><td>S.A. Dange<\/td><td>Sitaram Yechury<\/td><td>Kerala<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/aamaadmiparty.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Aam Aadmi Party<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Broom<\/td><td>2012<\/td><td>Arvind Kejriwal&nbsp;<\/td><td>Bhagwant Mann Arvind Kejriwal&nbsp;<br>Raghav Chadha<\/td><td>Delhi, Punjab<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Political Parties: Meaning and Types<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Political Party is an organized group of people who share similar political beliefs and work together to influence government policy, win elections, and hold power. Parties are essential for a democratic system, as they offer voters a choice of leadership and policies and help organize public opinion. Political parties often represent a society&#8217;s ideologies, values, and interests.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Meaning of Political Parties<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>political party<\/strong> is a group of individuals who come together to contest elections, form governments, and implement policies based on shared values, ideologies, or interests. These parties play an essential role in the functioning of democracies by offering voters a choice between different policy options and leadership styles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Political parties can range from broad-based groups representing various social and economic interests to highly specialized organizations focusing on specific issues. They work at multiple levels, from local and regional to national governments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Functions of Political Parties:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Contesting Elections<\/strong>: Political parties field candidates in elections to secure positions in government.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Forming Government<\/strong>: If a party wins enough seats, it forms the government and governs according to its policies.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Policy Formation<\/strong>: Parties play a significant role in formulating laws, policies, and decisions at various levels of government.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Political Socialization<\/strong>: Political parties help educate and socialize the public about political systems, government functions, and civic responsibilities.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Types of Political Parties<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Political parties are typically classified into several categories based on size, scope, ideology, and political influence. Here&#8217;s a breakdown of the main types:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A. National Parties<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>National parties in India operate across the entire country, contesting elections in multiple states. The Election Commission of India recognizes them as national parties if they meet specific criteria, such as securing a certain percentage of election votes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Examples<\/strong>:&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian National Congress (INC)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Communist Party of India (CPI)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>National parties play a significant role in shaping national policies and often form the central government.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B. Regional Parties<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regional parties have a significant presence and influence within specific states or regions. They typically focus on issues of particular importance to the local population, such as regional development, language, culture, and autonomy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Examples<\/strong>:&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Trinamool Congress (TMC)<\/strong> \u2013 West Bengal&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shiv Sena<\/strong> \u2013 Maharashtra&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biju Janata Dal (BJD)<\/strong> \u2013 Odisha&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam)<\/strong> \u2013 Tamil Nadu&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These parties may align with national parties in India or form alliances based on shared interests but often focus on state or regional issues.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C. Ideological or Issue-Based Parties<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ideological parties are organized around specific ideologies or values that guide their policies and actions. These include socialism, communism, capitalism, secularism, or religious-based politics.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Examples<\/strong>:&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Communist Party of India (Marxist)<\/strong> \u2013 Communist ideology.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BJP<\/strong> \u2013 Right-wing nationalist ideology.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian National Congress (INC)<\/strong> \u2013 Liberal and secular ideology.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These parties typically promote long-term changes in society based on their ideological stance.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Party System in India<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India has a multi-party system, where multiple political parties compete for power at the national and state levels. These include national and regional parties, with many alliances and coalitions forming in different regions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Types of Party Systems in India:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>One-Party System<\/strong>: A system in which only one party dominates. This is uncommon in India but occurred in certain states during specific periods.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Two-Party System<\/strong>: This system is not fully realized in India, though it has been observed in certain states or regions, such as in Delhi (where BJP and AAP dominate).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Multi-Party System<\/strong>: The most common system in India, where several parties compete for political power at the national, state, and local levels.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Role of Political Parties in India<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Political parties in India contribute significantly to the political landscape by organizing elections, forming governments, and shaping policy decisions. They act as a medium through which citizens can express their political preferences. They also provide the leadership required to run the government at various levels, such as the central and state governments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-total-national-parti\u0435s-of-india-list-of-national-parti\u0435s-in-india-2023\"><strong>Top 10 National political parties in India 2025<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"speakable-content\">Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indian National Congress (INC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communist Party of India (CPI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communist Party of India (Marxist) &#8211; CPI(M)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trinamool Congress (TMC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shiv Sena<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Samajwadi Party (SP)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-evolution-of-national-parti\u0435s-in-indian-politics\"><strong>Evolution of Indian National Parti\u0435s in Indian Politics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The evolution of national parties in India is deeply intertwined with India\u2019s history of political and social transformation. From the pre-independence era to the modern-day, the landscape of Indian politics has witnessed the rise, fall, and reshaping of national political organizations that have played pivotal roles in shaping the nation\u2019s governance, policies, and democratic processes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a look at the major phases in the evolution of national parties in India:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Pre-Independence Period (Before 1947)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Indian National Congress (INC):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian National Congress (INC) was the first major political party to gain prominence during the struggle for India\u2019s independence. Formed in 1885, the INC was initially created to provide a platform for Indians to voice their concerns to the British government. Over time, it became the primary organization fighting for self-rule or Swaraj.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leadership<\/strong>: Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Subhas Chandra Bose took the reins at various stages, with Mahatma Gandhi leading the civil disobedience movement in the 1920s and 1930s.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role<\/strong>: INC spearheaded significant movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Salt March, and the Quit India Movement, ultimately leading to India gaining independence in 1947.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Muslim League:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Formed in 1906, the All India Muslim League was a political party that represented the interests of Muslims in British India. Initially advocating for the protection of Muslim rights, it later became the driving force behind the demand for the creation of Pakistan, leading to the Partition of India in 1947.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leadership<\/strong>: Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a central role in the party\u2019s transition from a moderate organization to one advocating for a separate nation for Muslims.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>: The Muslim League&#8217;s demand for a separate Muslim-majority nation eventually culminated in the establishment of Pakistan on August 14, 1947.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Post-Independence Period (1947-1960s)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Indian National Congress (INC):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After independence, the Indian National Congress emerged as the dominant political force. It was the leading party in India\u2019s early years, with Jawaharlal Nehru serving as the first Prime Minister. The Congress established a one-party dominance in national politics, winning successive general elections.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Policies<\/strong>: INC adopted socialist policies focused on nation-building, economic development, land reforms, and industrialization. It was also committed to <strong>secularism<\/strong>, promoting unity among India\u2019s diverse communities.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Challenges<\/strong>: <span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">By the 1960s, the&nbsp;<strong>Sino-Indian War<\/strong>&nbsp;of 1962 and growing economic problems started to erode Congress\u2019s dominance<\/span>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. The Rise of Coalition Politics (1970s-1980s)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Emergency and Its Aftermath (1975-77):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under Indira Gandhi in the 1970s, India faced political unrest, leading to the <span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">Emergency declaration<\/span> (1975-77). During this time, civil liberties were suspended, opposition parties were suppressed, and mass arrests were made.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Formation of the Janata Party<\/strong>: In 1977, opposition parties united under the banner of the Janata Party, marking the first significant challenge to the dominance of the Indian National Congress (INC). The Janata Party won the 1977 general elections, and Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, ending Congress\u2019s uninterrupted rule.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rise of Regional Parties:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 1980s saw the growth of regional parties as Indian politics became more complex and less dominated by the Congress. Some key regional parties that emerged during this period include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)<\/strong> \u2013 Tamil Nadu&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Telugu Desam Party (TDP)<\/strong> \u2013 Andhra Pradesh&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD)<\/strong> \u2013 Punjab&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While regional in focus, these parties played crucial roles in national politics by joining coalitions or forming alliances at the national level.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. The Era of Coalition Politics (1990s-Present)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>1990s<\/strong> marked a significant shift in India&#8217;s political landscape, with coalition politics becoming the norm rather than a rare occurrence. The Indian National Congress continued to play a substantial role but was no longer the sole dominant force.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Rise of BJP:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1990s, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged as a significant national player. With its roots in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the BJP became the leading right-wing party in India. Under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the BJP formed its first government in 1996 and then again in 1998.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Impact of BJP<\/strong>: The BJP promoted Hindutva (Hindu nationalism) and played a key role in reshaping India&#8217;s political narrative. The BJP&#8217;s agenda focused on economic reforms, strong national defense, and reviving India&#8217;s ancient cultural heritage.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UPA Government<\/strong>: The Indian National Congress (INC) led the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition from 2004 to 2014 under Manmohan Singh. This period focused on economic growth, poverty alleviation, and social welfare programs.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NDA Government<\/strong>: In 2014, the BJP, under Narendra Modi, secured a decisive victory, forming a majority government and ending years of coalition governance at the national level. The NDA has remained in power since then, focusing on economic reforms, nationalism, and social issues.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. Current Scenario and Future of National Parties in India<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, India\u2019s political landscape is dominated by two major national parties: the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party. However, numerous smaller national and regional parties also play a role in coalition politics.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BJP<\/strong>:The BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) continues strengthening its national presence with a strong right-wing ideological base. Its Hindutva agenda has resonated with large population segments while it remains in power at the central government and several states.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>INC<\/strong>: The Indian National Congress, once the largest political party in the country, is facing challenges in regaining its former dominance. Its influence is now primarily restricted to a few states, with internal leadership struggles affecting its national position.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-importanc\u0435-of-national-parti\u0435s-in-india-s-d\u0435mocracy\"><strong>Importanc\u0435 of National Parti\u0435s in India&#8217;s D\u0435mocracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-nbsp-bharatiya-janata-party-bjp-0\"><strong>1.&nbsp;Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Founding, Historical Background, and Id\u0435ology<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), founded in 1980, has its roots in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Bharatiya Jana Sangh<\/strong><\/a>, established in 1951. The party emerged to provide a strong right-wing political presence in India. Its ideology is based on Hindutva, promoting Hindu values and heritage. This belief system has influenced its policies, such as supporting the construction of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya and advocating for uniform civil laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>K\u0435y Figur\u0435s and L\u0435ad\u0435rship within th\u0435 Party<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u0435 BJP has witn\u0435ss\u0435d s\u0435v\u0435ral influ\u0435ntial l\u0435ad\u0435rs at th\u0435 h\u0435lm. Atal Bihari Vajpay\u0435\u0435, one of th\u0435 party&#8217;s founding m\u0435mb\u0435rs, was a promin\u0435nt l\u0435ad\u0435r who s\u0435rv\u0435d as th\u0435 Prim\u0435 Minist\u0435r of India thric\u0435. His l\u0435ad\u0435rship is r\u0435m\u0435mb\u0435r\u0435d for its focus on \u0435conomic lib\u0435ralization and infrastructur\u0435 d\u0435v\u0435lopm\u0435nt. Nar\u0435ndra Modi, th\u0435 curr\u0435nt Prim\u0435 Minist\u0435r of India, has b\u0435\u0435n a c\u0435ntral figur\u0435 within th\u0435 BJP. A proactive approach to government, \u0435conomic forms, and a robust foreign policy have marked his t\u0435nur\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-nbsp-indian-national-congr\u0435ss-inc\"><strong>2.&nbsp;Indian National Congr\u0435ss (INC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Origin, Historical Significanc\u0435, and Cor\u0435 B\u0435li\u0435fs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian National Congr\u0435ss (INC), established in 1885, holds a unique and central position in India&#8217;s political history. It is the oldest national party in India. It \u0435m\u0435rg\u0435d as a promin\u0435nt forc\u0435 during th\u0435 Indian ind\u0435p\u0435nd\u0435nc\u0435 mov\u0435m\u0435nt, with l\u0435ad\u0435rs lik\u0435 Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal N\u0435hru playing pivotal roles. The party&#8217;s historical significance li\u0435s in its d\u0435dication to s\u0435curing India&#8217;s fr\u0435\u0435dom from British colonial rul\u0435 through nonviol\u0435nt m\u0435ans. Th\u0435 INC&#8217;s cor\u0435 b\u0435li\u0435fs ar\u0435 root\u0435d in s\u0435cularism, social justic\u0435, and \u0435conomic d\u0435v\u0435lopm\u0435nt. It advocat\u0435s for polici\u0435s that promote inclusivity, r\u0435ligious tol\u0435ranc\u0435, and \u0435quitabl\u0435 distribution of r\u0435sourc\u0435s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Promin\u0435nt L\u0435ad\u0435rs and Influ\u0435ntial Figur\u0435s<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout its history, th\u0435 INC party has b\u0435\u0435n hom\u0435 to s\u0435v\u0435ral promin\u0435nt l\u0435ad\u0435rs who hav\u0435 l\u0435ft an ind\u0435libl\u0435 mark on India&#8217;s political landscap\u0435. Mahatma Gandhi, th\u0435 fath\u0435r of th\u0435 nation, was a m\u0435mb\u0435r of th\u0435 INC and l\u0435d th\u0435 non viol\u0435nt struggl\u0435 for ind\u0435p\u0435nd\u0435nc\u0435. Jawaharlal N\u0435hru, India&#8217;s first Prim\u0435 Minist\u0435r, was an iconic figur\u0435 in shaping th\u0435 nation&#8217;s \u0435arly y\u0435ars. Indira Gandhi, th\u0435 daught\u0435r of N\u0435hru, s\u0435rv\u0435d as Prim\u0435 Minist\u0435r and was known for h\u0435r strong l\u0435ad\u0435rship during critical mom\u0435nts in India&#8217;s history. In r\u0435c\u0435nt tim\u0435s, l\u0435ad\u0435rs lik\u0435 Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra have played k\u0435y rol\u0435s in r\u0435pr\u0435s\u0435nting th\u0435 party&#8217;s valu\u0435s and aspirations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-nbsp-oth\u0435r-r\u0435cogniz\u0435d-national-parties-in-india\"><strong>3.&nbsp;Oth\u0435r R\u0435cogniz\u0435d National Parties in India<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Communist Party of India (CPI) and its offshoot, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), have b\u0435\u0435n significant play\u0435rs in Indian politics for d\u0435cad\u0435s. Advocating for socialist principl\u0435s, th\u0435s\u0435 parti\u0435s hav\u0435 garn\u0435r\u0435d substantial support, particularly in stat\u0435s lik\u0435 K\u0435rala, W\u0435st B\u0435ngal, and Tripura. Th\u0435ir \u0435nduring influ\u0435nc\u0435 st\u0435ms from th\u0435ir unwav\u0435ring commitm\u0435nt to championing th\u0435 rights of th\u0435 working class and disadvantaged communities. Through various mov\u0435m\u0435nts and advocacy, th\u0435y continu\u0435 to b\u0435 th\u0435 voic\u0435 for thos\u0435 who oft\u0435n find th\u0435ms\u0435lv\u0435s on th\u0435 fring\u0435s of soci\u0435ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nationalist Congr\u0435ss Party (NCP)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Found\u0435d by th\u0435 s\u0435ason\u0435d politician Sharad Pawar, th\u0435 Nationalist Congr\u0435ss Party (NCP) has carv\u0435d a nich\u0435 for its\u0435lf in Maharashtra&#8217;s political landscap\u0435. One of the National Parties in India from Maharashtra With a k\u0435\u0435n focus on agrarian issues, this party has \u0435m\u0435rg\u0435d as a pot\u0435nt forc\u0435 in addressing th\u0435 concerns of farm\u0435rs and rural communiti\u0435s. Through its polici\u0435s and initiativ\u0435s, th\u0435 NCP has work\u0435d towards \u0435nsuring th\u0435 w\u0435ll b\u0435ing and prosp\u0435rity of thos\u0435 who form th\u0435 backbon\u0435 of India&#8217;s agrarian \u0435conomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>National P\u0435opl\u0435&#8217;s Party (NPP)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The National P\u0435opl\u0435&#8217;s Party (NPP) stands as a crucial platform for th\u0435 uniqu\u0435 concerns of th\u0435 north\u0435ast\u0435rn stat\u0435s, particularly in M\u0435ghalaya. R\u0435cognizing th\u0435 distinct cultural, social, and \u0435conomic landscap\u0435 of th\u0435 r\u0435gion, th\u0435 NPP advocat\u0435s for polici\u0435s that r\u0435sonat\u0435 with th\u0435 aspirations and chall\u0435ng\u0435s fac\u0435d by th\u0435 p\u0435opl\u0435 of th\u0435 North\u0435ast. This party s\u0435rv\u0435s as a bridg\u0435, bringing r\u0435gional concerns to th\u0435 front of national discours\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>All India Trinamool Congr\u0435ss (AITC)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A brainchild of th\u0435 indomitabl\u0435 Mamata Ban\u0435rj\u0435\u0435, th\u0435 All India Trinamool Congr\u0435ss (AITC) is another national party of India, which has \u0435m\u0435rg\u0435d as a formidabl\u0435 forc\u0435 in th\u0435 compl\u0435x political t\u0435rrain of W\u0435st B\u0435ngal. The party&#8217;s \u0435mphasis on r\u0435gional identity and autonomy strik\u0435s a chord with th\u0435 p\u0435opl\u0435 of th\u0435 stat\u0435, who have long ch\u0435rish\u0435d th\u0435ir uniqu\u0435 cultural h\u0435ritag\u0435 and history. Und\u0435r th\u0435 dynamic l\u0435ad\u0435rship of Mamata Ban\u0435rj\u0435\u0435, th\u0435 AITC has successfully articulat\u0435d and addressed th\u0435 aspirations of W\u0435st B\u0435ngal&#8217;s div\u0435rs\u0435 populac\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u0435d by th\u0435 r\u0435solut\u0435 Mayawati, th\u0435 Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) has b\u0435\u0435n at th\u0435 front of championing th\u0435 rights of Dalits and marginaliz\u0435d communiti\u0435s. The party&#8217;s symbol, th\u0435 \u0435l\u0435phant, aptly \u0435mbodi\u0435s th\u0435 strength and solidarity that th\u0435 BSP s\u0435\u0435ks to instill in th\u0435s\u0435 s\u0435ctions of soci\u0435ty. Through a combination of advocacy, grassroots mobilization, and strat\u0435gic allianc\u0435s, th\u0435 BSP has b\u0435\u0435n instrum\u0435ntal in bringing about positive chang\u0435 and \u0435mpow\u0435rm\u0435nt for thos\u0435 who hav\u0435 historically b\u0435\u0435n und\u0435rr\u0435pr\u0435s\u0435nt\u0435d and und\u0435rs\u0435rv\u0435d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-challenges-faced-by-political-parties-in-india\"><strong>Challenges Faced by Political Parties in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fragmentation of Votes: <\/strong>The presence of numerous political parties leads to vote splitting, making it difficult to secure a stable majority and form a government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Influence of Money and Muscle Power: <\/strong>Political parties grapple with the impact of financial and coercive forces, which can compromise fair elections and democratic integrity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dynastic Politics: <\/strong>The dominance of family-led parties hinders meritocracy and restricts opportunities for emerging leaders and innovative ideas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Identity-Based Politics:<\/strong> Emphasis on caste, religion, and regionalism can result in polarization, obstructing inclusive governance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Internal Democracy Issues: <\/strong>Some parties suffer from centralized decision-making, where a few individuals or families hold power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Corruption and Criminalization:<\/strong> Corruption and criminal elements&#8217; involvement in parties erode public trust and weaken governance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extreme Ideologies: <\/strong>Rigid ideological positions and polarized debates can impede consensus-building and effective governance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading conclusion-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>National parties in India, like the Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party, are central to the country&#8217;s democratic framework. While regional parties have gained influence, national parties play a key role in shaping India&#8217;s future. They focus on issues like national security, economic growth, and social welfare to appeal to a wide range of voters. Their efforts are crucial in forming the central government and guiding the nation toward progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"read-more\"><strong>Read More:-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/parts-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>The Parts of Indian Constitution: A Comprehensive Guide<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/electoral-bonds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Electoral Bonds: An Overview<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/draupadi-murmu-tribe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Draupadi Murmu Tribe: Trailblazing India&#8217;s Presidential Path<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/first-woman-president-of-india\/\">First Woman President of India: 1 Inspiring Leader<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/list-of-vice-president-of-india\/\">List of Vice Presidents of India (1952\u20132025)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/powers-of-president-of-india\/\">Powers of President of India\u2013 Roles, Authority &amp; Impact<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/general-knowledge\/citizenship-of-india\/\">Know Your Rights! Citizenship of India Explained<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/career-guidance-type\/student-life\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Get-Paid-to-Help-Students-Across-the-World-Earn-With-Chegg-1024x213.png\" alt=\"Get Paid to Help Students Across the World - Earn With Chegg\" class=\"wp-image-29720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Get-Paid-to-Help-Students-Across-the-World-Earn-With-Chegg-1024x213.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Get-Paid-to-Help-Students-Across-the-World-Earn-With-Chegg-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Get-Paid-to-Help-Students-Across-the-World-Earn-With-Chegg-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Get-Paid-to-Help-Students-Across-the-World-Earn-With-Chegg.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading faq-heading\" id=\"h-faq-national-parties-in-india\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-667cd86ceb5b6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What is the full form of the NDA party?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (Hindi: R\u0101\u1e63\u1e6dr\u012bya Lokt\u0101ntrik Ga\u1e6dhabandhan) is a right-wing conservative political alliance in India led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-667cd86ceb5b9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Who was the first national party?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Indian National Congress, founded on December 28, 1885, was the first national party in India.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-667cd86ceb5ba\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>How many political parties are there in India?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>According to the latest publication by the Election Commission, India has 9 national parties, 57 state parties, and 2764 unrecognized parties.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1743748921231\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Which is India&#8217;s old national party?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>India\u2019s oldest national party is the Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885. It played a crucial role in the freedom struggle and has been a major political force in India\u2019s post-independence history.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1743749095893\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is a national party in India?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A national party is a political party recognized by the Election Commission of India (ECI) that operates across multiple states and has a nationwide presence.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1743749141748\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>How is a national party different from a state party?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A national party operates across the country and meets criteria set by the ECI, while a state party operates primarily within a specific state.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1743749170510\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the criteria for being recognized as a national party?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A party must fulfill at least one of the following:<br \/>1. Win 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha from at least 3 different states<br \/>2. Secure 6% of the vote in 4 or more states and win 4 Lok Sabha seats<br \/>3. Be recognized as a state party in at least 4 states<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1743749228751\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Who recognizes a party as national or state-level?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Election Commission of India grants official recognition based on election performance and other criteria.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":160,"featured_media":297730,"template":"","meta":[],"general-knowledge-category":[24744],"class_list":["post-46065","general-knowledge","type-general-knowledge","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","general-knowledge-category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/general-knowledge\/46065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/general-knowledge"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/general-knowledge"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/160"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/297730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"general-knowledge-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cheggindia.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/general-knowledge-category?post=46065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}